The title says it all really, getting back to basics. It was bought to my attention recently that we know what we know and just presume others know what we know….confused….lol?
In the following posts I will talk about things us more experienced quilters take for granted. We can babble on about Fat Quarter’s, Fat 1/8’s, binding, paper piecing, vliesofix, applique, BOMS etc. Stashes and to some people it all sounds like gobbledie gook.
So I thought I would explain a few things over a few of the next posts.
So where do you start explaining patchwork terminology? Here is some of the terminology and some short explanations.
1⁄4in Foot This is a special foot for your machine. When you have the edge of the foot on the edge of the fabric it will give an accurate 1⁄4in seam. If your machine does not have one you will be able to measure from where you needle comes down and perhaps lay some masking tape down as a guide for your fabric. If your machine does not have a 1/4 ” foot you will be able to get one, even a generic one to fit.
Appliqué
A design made by cutting shapes from one fabric and sewing to the top of another fabric. Fusible web, which is like baking paper with a thin layer of glue on one side. There are a number of brands. To use you trace your design on the paper side (in reverse) roughly cut around the shape, place this on the wrong side of your fabric, quickly press (only long enough to melt the glue) then cut out on your drawn line. Now you remove the paper and lay your piece onto your fabric within the design area and again press just long enough for the glue to take hold, then stitch using a buttonhole, blanket stitch, or even a zigzag will also work well.
Basting
The American term for tacking, this is mainly used in hand quilting. Today we mainly pin our quilts ready for stitching or if you’re like me, wrap them up and send them to a good friend with a long arm quilting machine…
Backing
The fabric that forms the bottom layer or back of a quilt
Batting
The American term for wadding. Wadding comes in many forms. Wool, Wool/Polyester mix, Cotton, Silk, Bamboo to name a few. Again there are many, many on the market. Once you find your favourite you’ll stick with it.
Bias
The diagonal of a woven fabric. This has the greatest amount of stretch
Binding
A narrow strip of fabric, single or folded, used to enclose the raw edges of the quilt top, wadding and backing once your quilt is fully quilted
Block
The pattern units that repeat across the quilt top
Chain (String) Piecing
A method of sewing a number of units at a time, thus saving time and thread
Charm Quilt
A quilt made with every piece from a different fabric. Usually all the pieces are the same shape as well such as squares or triangles
Colour Wheel
A tool used to help you plan your colours in the quilt
Colour Value
The darkness or lightness of a colour
Cornerstone
A square used to join short pieces of sashing at the corners of blocks
Cutting Mat
A special mat used with a rotary cutter and ruler to protect the work surface
Design Wall
A flannel or wadding panel on the wall. Used for laying out fabrics and standing back and checking the appearance. There is no need to use pins, the patches just adhere lightly to the flannel and can be moved easily
Echo (Outline) Quilting
Repeated rows of quilting a measured distance from each row, the machine foot can be used as a measure. Often used with appliqué
Embellishment
Extra embroidery or trims added after a quilt is finished
Fat Eighth
Half a fat quarter of fabric giving a small rectangle either 9 x 22in or 11 x 18in
Fat Quarter
A piece of fabric that is cut 50cm (in the UK) or 18in along the selvedge and then cut again in half across the width to give a piece approx 18 x 22in (slightly larger if cut in the UK)
Feed Dogs
The part of your sewing machine that moves the base layer of fabric forwards as you stitch
Four Patch
A block composed of four patches or one that fits within a 2 x 2 grid
Free Motion Quilting
An advanced method of quilting with lowered feed dogs and where your hands move the fabric to create the pattern
Fusible Web
A paper based glue that is ironed onto the reverse of your fabric, often used with appliqué
Grain
The lengthwise and crosswise threads on a cotton fabric
Hanging Sleeve
A tube of fabric applied to the top back of a quilt, so that it can be displayed on a wall or at a quilt show
Half Square Triangle
A block that is square in shape but is divided on one diagonal to give two equal triangles
Hoop
A small hand held frame used for hand or machine quilting
In the Ditch
Quilting that is close to the seam lines of your blocks. traditionally it would be the side of the seam that did not have the seam allowances lying behind and thus would be lower and in the ditch
Labelling
Every quilt should have a label sewn on the back giving details such as name of quilter, date and reason made
Layering
The process of putting the three layers of a quilt together
Loft
The spring or fluffiness of the wadding – more loft equals more height
Machine Quilting
Stitching by machine that holds the three layers of a quilt together
Piecing
Several pieces of fabric cut and then sewn together to produce a pattern
Quarter Square Triangle
A block that is square in shape but is divided on two diagonals to give four equal triangles
Quilt Top
The top layer of the quilt. It can be pieced, appliquéd, or a combination of the two
Quilting
The sewing used to secure the layers together; it can be by hand or by machine
Right Side
The side of the fabric that you wish to appear on the top of your quilt. For design reasons some quilters use the wrong side occasionally if it gives the right colour value
Rotary Cutter
A circular, rotating cutter used with a cutting mat and ruler to safely cut layers of fabric accurately
Ruler
An acrylic measuring tool used with the rotary cutter, usually marked in 1⁄8in. There are many specialist manufacturers such as Creative Grids in the UK who have developed a wide range of rulers
Sandwiching
See Layering
Sashing
Strips of fabric that are used to divide blocks when the quilt top is joined into one piece
Seam
The point where two pieces of fabric are sewn right sides together
Seam Allowance
The distance between the cut edge of the fabric and the sewn line. Quilters usually use a 1⁄4in seam allowance, although metric allowances can range from 0.5cm to 0.75 depending on your country, but I would guess 99% of quilters do use the imperial measurements.
Selvedge
The edge of the fabric when it is on the bolt. This has a slightly tighter weave and should be cut off before you start measuring your pieces
Setting
The arrangement of blocks in the quilt top
Slip Stitch
A small, almost invisible, stitch used to secure a folded edge to a flat surface. Commonly used to finish the binding on the back of a quilt
Strip Piecing
Joining one or more strips together and then cutting them apart crossways to create new units
Tacking
A means of securing the layers of a quilt together loosely, using large stitches and thin thread
Thimble
Used to protect your fingers or thumb when hand sewing
Top Stitching
A row of stitiching often with larger stitches. Used as a decorative finish often near the edge of a garment or bag
Tying
A method of quilting, using small stitches and knots, with threads that can be left decoratively on the front or on the back of the work
Wadding (Batting)
The filling that goes in between the quilt top and the back to create warmth and depth to the quilt
Walking Foot
A special foot that is used when quilting to push the top and bottom layers of the quilt together at the same time. Is believed to give a more even result and can also be used for piecing borders
Fabrics
When buying fabrics most fabric stores sell minimum quantities of anywhere from 20 to 30cm pieces.
As a consumer I can understand you may only want to purchase 10cm but from a business point of view there does need to be a minimum to help cover costs such as payroll and rent. If everyone was purchasing 10cm strips turning over fabric in a quilt shop would take forever and would mean the shop owner was not able to purchase fresh new ranges for you to use. The shop owner is there after all to make a living so don’t be too offended when they insist on minimums.
When buying fabrics you can buy straight off the bolt, you can buy fat quarters, fat eights, layer cakes (10″ squares), charm squares (5″ squares), jelly rolls (2 1/2 ” strips, usually between 40 – 42 of them ) and many more ‘terms’.
Layer Cakes are 10″ squares showcasing a range of fabrics, there is usually around 42 pieces in each layer cake yielding approximately 2 1/2 metres. Layer Cakes were originally (I believe) bought out by Moda Fabrics, they are also available from other suppliers and may be known as 10″ Stackers, Tonga Treat Squares and 10″ Squares.

Jelly Rolls these are 2 1/2″ strips, again generally 42 pieces of a coordinated range.

Dessert Rolls Manufactured by Moda Fabrics, Dessert Rolls contain 20 different fabrics from a collection cut into 5″ x 44″ strips.

Honeycombe Hexagons Moda introduced Honeycomb Hexagons. These are collections of 6″ hexagons. Each Honeycomb hexagon measures 6″ from point to opposite point, with a horizontal measurement of 5 1/4″ and there are 40 coordinating fabrics.

Charm Squares Charm packs are one of the smallest and least expensive specialty cut. Their popularity stems from the fact that they are affordable, easy to use, and the size is very common in quilting. Charm Packs typically include one square of every fabric within a collection so the number of pieces included varies. The size of charm packs may also vary slightly by manufacturer. For instance, RJR Fabrics cuts their Charm Packs to 5.5″ x 5.5″, Moda is 5″ x 5″. But they are a great little buy.

We also have mini charms which are 2 1/2″ square and many more… desert rolls, mini jelly rolls, mini layer cakes… what will they come up with next.
For any newbies it’s a minefield of information and almost like learning a second language.
When I fist started out I had no idea there was a difference between the words patchwork and quilting… well, duh… there is. I describe these words now as: Patchwork is the process of sewing pieces of fabric together to make your quilt tops. Quilting is the process of sewing the 3 layers of your quilt together. Being the quilt top, the batting or wadding (whichever you wish to call it) and your quilt backing fabric. Quilting can be straight forward stitching in the ditch (ditch being where your two pieces of fabric have been joined and you now stitch over that stitching) or you may stipple quilt, which is a series of swirls and curls as per this picture or for the clever monkey’s among us there are many, many designs that can be used. See examples below.
Stitch in the Ditch Stipple Quilting


Feathered design and other ‘fillers’

So, this is just a small part of quilting. There are many techniques both in patchwork and quilting. There is a whole world to explore and learn. You can take specialty classes, you can teach yourself (YouTube is a great resource), or you can band together with other like minded people in quilting groups and learn from them. The patchwork family is large, loving, supportive, generous and a whole lot of wonderful. If you are looking to meld into a community then join a patchwork group, if you’re looking for friends, join a patchwork group.
Happy Stitching
Sue